Evaluation of salivary lymphocyte function associated antigen – 1 (LFA-1) level in smokers and non-smokers with periodontitis – A cross-sectional study

• Author Details:   
• Arvind A S ^*
• Esther Nalini H
• Tamil Selvi S
• Lavanya M A
• Nivethitha S

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Aim and Objective: To assess the salivary levels of LFA-1 in patients with and without smoking who have periodontitis and those who are in good oral health.
Introduction: LFA-1 is a non-specific salivary biomarker, which plays an important role in determining the periodontal health status of an individual.
Materials and Methods: Periodontal screening was done and the subjects were divided into three different groups: Group 1- Periodontally healthy subjects, Group 2 – Periodontitis subjects without smoking habit, and Group 3 – Periodontitis subjects with smoking habit with 24 subjects in each group. Samples of unsimulated saliva were gathered, centrifuged for 12 minutes at 2700 rpm, and the supernatant was collected and kept at -80 °C. The Human LFA-1 Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) kit was used to process the samples. A microplate reader tuned to 450 nm was used to measure each well's optical density.
Result: In contrast to the periodontally healthy group (0.1708 ng/ml) and the periodontitis participants who did not smoke (0.5602 ng/ml), the salivary levels of LFA-1 were considerably greater in the smoking-related group (0.6594 ng/ml). Salivary LFA-1 levels significantly increased by 0.314 ng/ml for every 1 mm rise in Clinical Attachment Level (CAL) in the smoking-associated periodontitis group. This difference was statistically significant at p<0>
Conclusion: The salivary LFA-1 levels were found to be significantly higher in periodontitis subjects with smoking habits when compared to periodontitis subjects without smoking habits and periodontally healthy subjects which correlate with the clinical attachment level.

Keywords: Periodontitis; Biomarker; Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1