Deciphering histopathological patterns and biological behavior of ameloblastoma: Insights from regional cross-sectional analysis

• Author Details:   
• Shyam Prasad Reddy Dorankula
• Rashmitha Chittuprolu ^*
• Deepthi Gaddam
• Pavan Kumar Batchu

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Background: Ameloblastoma is an aggressive odontogenic tumor that is slow-growing and benign in nature. But due to its invasive characteristics and tendency to recur, it is considered as a localized malignant tumor. There exist various categories of this condition, each characterized by distinct clinical and histological attributes, displaying diverse histological patterns.
Aims and Objectives: The aims and objectives of the present study was to examine the age distribution, gender prevalence, primary oral location, clinical manifestation and to ascertain the histopathological patterns, biological attributes and assess different treatment approaches based on the histopathology report, patient monitoring, and recurrence of ameloblastoma cases that were diagnosed and treated at Kamineni Institute of Dental Sciences, Narketpally, Telangana.
Materials and Methods: The present retrospective study encompasses 64 cases of ameloblastoma collected over a span of 10 years, ranging from January 2014 to December 2023. Patient data, including follow-up periods of up to nine years were collected and analyzed using SPSS with significance set at p < 0>
Results: The study found that 47% of patients experienced painful jaw swelling with a slight female predominance (1.13:1). The unicystic pattern was the most common histopathological finding (53%), followed by the plexiform pattern (22%). Most cases (95.3%) were non-recurrent, while 4.7% were recurrent. Significant association (p < 0>) was noted between gender, site & treatment with diagnosis. Significance was also observed with site & treatment when compared to recurrence.
Conclusion: The findings of the present retrospective study concluded that the unicystic type of ameloblastoma is prevalent among the regional population under investigation. The treatment approaches employed by clinicians, guided by histopathological diagnosis, have proven effective in delivering suitable treatment options to patients, resulting in favorable prognosis and minimal recurrence rates.

Keywords: Ameloblastoma, Biological behavior, Histopathological patterns.